A Review Of The Case Reports On Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer In The Absence Of Tumour In Primary Organ

SHORT COMMUNICATION

Abstract

Summary. The aim of this review was to search for case reports concerning the presentation, diagnosis, and management of metastatic RCC in the absence of a primary tumour in the primary organ, i.e., kidneys. The most common presentation involves lymph nodes, with varying clinical manifestations such as pain, haematuria, confusion, mass, lymph node enlargement, or biochemical changes like hypercalcemia. Case reports illustrate clear cell RCC as the most common histopathology, often presenting as lymph node masses. Immunohistochemical staining is typically positive for vimentin, cytokeratin, and CD 10. The prognosis for mRCC CUP with Immunotherapy and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) has shown promising responses with or without surgery, better than metastatic RCC. The decision for treatment needs an individualized approach as recommended by the specific CUP MDT arranged.

Keywords. Metastatic Renal cell cancer (mRCC), Cancer of unknown primary (CUP), Renal cell carcinoma