Prevalence Of Metabolic Disorders In Paediatric Age Group with Renal Stone Diseases.

Original Article

Abstract

Background: inflammation of the urinary tract and prostatic disease is urolithiasis. The causes are numerous, with metabolic diseases, individual lifestyle and environmental factors all playing a part. In pediatric populations, the prevalence of nephrolithiasis is very low; however, some evidence suggests that children are increasingly likely to get this disease. Kidney stone diseases are becoming more frequent among young people. Although the absolute figure remains smaller than in adults, this complex situation however it is should be stressed that factor consists of metabolic disorders such as hypercalciuria, and hyperoxaluria. The process of stone production is subject to several factors, for example genetic predisposition, familial background and dietary habits. A commonly employed approach in the prompt identification and treatment of kidney stones involves implementing a comprehensive strategy that tackles both the rocks themselves as well as their underlying metabolic problems. It is still necessary to keep on doing research in the area of Pediatric Urology. Only by continuing to do this work will our understanding be deepened and our treatment methods refined in the dynamic world of modern medical science.

Objectives: To find out the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in young children with urolithiasis.

Study Design: A Retrospective Study

Place and duration of the study: Department Of Urology Main Gul Jehanzeb Hospital Swat In Pakistan From January 2018 To January 2019.

Methods: Out Of 59 patients under the age of 15-year-old with renal stone disease living in this region. Basic details such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), creatinine levels, serum calcium, serum phosphate, serum uric acid levels, 24-hour urine volume, urinary sodium potassium and chloride content were all obtained and analyzed carefully. The identifications of metabolic diseases were carried out according to recognized laboratory standards. Data processing was performed using SPSS version 22.

Results: out of  59  patients  ranging from age 8 to 15 years old underwent this study. Of these, 25 (42.4%) were female, and 34 (57.6%) were male. The mean BMI that the patients exhibited was 16.68 kg/m2. However, according to the investigation results, 32 patients (54.2%) had metabolic abnormalities associated with renal stone disease. Hyperuricemia (22%), hypercalciuria (25.4%) and hypokalemia (40.7%) were the three most common diseases identified. Hyperphosphaturia (1.7%), hypocitraturia (1.7%), hyperoxaluria (3%), and low urine volume (6.8%) were also found among other types of metabolic abnormalities discovered.

Conclusion: 59 Children (54.2%) with stone disease in the kidney also had associated metabolic disorders. Hypokalemia was the most common metabolic abnormality in children (40.7%), followed by hypercalciuria (25.4%) and hyperuricemia (22%). These results suggest that children with stone disease in the kidney should be carefully examined for metabolic defects. Primary and secondary prevention methods must be explored in future in order to reduce the occurrence of these problems.

Keywords: children with metabolic disorders, kidney stones, hypercalciuria, hypokalemia, and hyperuricemia are frequently seen.